{"id":1704,"date":"2024-06-08T00:51:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T16:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/?p=1704"},"modified":"2024-06-08T00:57:56","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T16:57:56","slug":"python_learn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/2024\/06\/08\/python_learn\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python \u7f16\u7a0b<\/h1>\n

\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u521b\u5efa python \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n
# \u521b\u5efa python \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\npython -m venv pyvenv\n# \u6fc0\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\nsource pyvenv\/bin\/activate # linux\n.\\pyvenv\\Scripts\\activate # windows\n\n# \u5b89\u88c5\u66f4\u65b0 pip\n# \u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u82e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06pip\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 windows \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\npython -m pip install -i https:\/\/pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/simple --upgrade pip\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e pip \u955c\u50cf\npip config set global.index-url https:\/\/pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/simple\n\n# \u5b89\u88c5 sympy\npip install sympy\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\npip3 freeze > requirements.txt\n\n# \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\n# pip install -r requirements.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.2 \u521b\u5efagit\u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u4ef6 .gitignore<\/h4>\n
# \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\npyvenv\/\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\nrequirements.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.3 \u521b\u5efa hello world \u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
print("Hello Python world!")<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
2.1 \u8bed\u6cd5\u9ad8\u4eae<\/h4>\n
print("Hello World!")<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.2 \u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n
# \u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\nmessage = "Hello Python Crash Course world!"\nprint(message)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h4>\n
2.3.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n
name = "ada lovelace" \n\nprint(name.title()) # \u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199\nprint(name.upper()) # \u5168\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199\nprint(name.lower())# \u5168\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c0f\u5199<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3.2 \u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
first_name = "ada"\nlast_name = "lovelace"\n\n# f \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5 f"{var}"\nfull_name = f"{first_name} {last_name}"\nprint(full_name)\n\nmessage = f"Hello, {full_name.title()}!"\nprint(message)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u6216\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u7a7a\u767d<\/p>\n
print("\\tpython")<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3.4 \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u767d<\/p>\n
# \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c"@" \u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6253\u5370\u5b9a\u4f4d\nlanguage = " python "\nprint("start", language, "end")\nprint("start", language.lstrip(), "end") # \u53bb\u9664\u5de6\u8fb9\u7a7a\u767d\nprint("start", language.rstrip(), "end") # \u53bb\u9664\u53f3\u8fb9\u7a7a\u767d\nprint("start", language.strip(), "end") # \u53bb\u9664\u4e24\u8fb9\u7a7a\u767d<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3.5 \u5220\u9664\u524d\u7f00<\/p>\n
url = "https:\/\/idbview.com"\nurl.removeprefix("https:\/\/") # \u8fd9\u79cd\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u6682\u65f6\u7684\nsimple_url = url.removeprefix("https:\/\/") # \u4fdd\u7559\u5220\u9664\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\nprint(simple_url)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4 \u6570<\/h4>\n
2.4.1 \u6574\u6570<\/p>\n
# + - * \/ ** \u52a0 \u51cf \u4e58 \u9664 \u4e58\u65b9\nprint(2 + 3)\n# \u62ec\u53f7\nprint((2 + 3) * 4)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4.2 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/p>\n
print(0.1 + 0.1)\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u4f4d\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\nprint(3 * 0.1)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4.3 \u6574\u6570\u4e0e\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/p>\n
print(4 \/ 2)\nprint(2 * 3.0)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4.4 \u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf<\/p>\n
# \u5927\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\nnum = 1000_000_000<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4.5 \u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c<\/p>\n
x, y, z = 0, 1, 2\nprint(x, y, z)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.4.6 \u5e38\u91cf<\/p>\n
# python \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u5168\u5927\u5199\u8868\u793a\nMAX_COUNT = 5000<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.5 \u6ce8\u91ca<\/h4>\n
# \u6ce8\u91ca ctrl + \/<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.6 python \u4e4b\u7985<\/h4>\n
import this <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n
3.1 \u5217\u8868\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h4>\n
# [] \u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u793a\nbicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']\nprint(bicycles)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.1.1 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
print(bicycles[0])<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.1.2 \u7d22\u5f15\u4ece0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f1\u5f00\u59cb <\/p>\n
print(bicycles[0].title())\n\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7d22\u5f15\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a-1\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9Python\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nprint(bicycles[-1])<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.1.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n
message = "My first bicycle was a " + bicycles[0].title() + "."\nprint(message)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.2 \u4fee\u6539\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/h4>\n
3.2.1 \u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']\nprint(motorcycles)\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 \nmotorcycles[0] = 'ducati'\nprint(motorcycles)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.2.2 \u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
# 1\u3001\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nmotorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']\nmotorcycles.append('ducati')\nprint(motorcycles)\n\n# \u65b9\u6cd5 append() \u52a8\u6001\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\nmotorcycles = []\n\nmotorcycles.append('honda')\nmotorcycles.append('yamaha')\nmotorcycles.append('suzuki')\n\nprint(motorcycles)\n\n# 2\u3001 \u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\nmotorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']\n\nmotorcycles.insert(0, 'ducati')\nprint(motorcycles)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.2.3 \u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']\nprint(motorcycles)\n\n# 1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 del \u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\ndel motorcycles[0]\nprint(motorcycles)\n\n# 2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5pop()\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nms = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]\nprint(ms, "\\n")\n\n# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5220\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e86\nms.pop()\nprint(ms)\n\n# \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u503c\npopped_ms = ms.pop()\nprint(popped_ms, "\\n")\n\n# 3\u3001 \u6839\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5220\u9664\npopped_ms = ms.pop(0)\nprint(ms)\nprint(popped_ms)\n\n# 4\u3001\u6839\u636e\u503c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nms = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki", "ducati"]\nms.remove("ducati")\nprint(ms)\n\n# \u65b9\u6cd5 remove() \u53ea\u5220\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\n# \u5229\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u5220\u9664\nms = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki", "ducati"]\n# ms[:]\u4e3a ms \u7684\u526f\u672c\nfor m in ms[:]:\n    ms.remove(m)\n    # \u5982\u679c ms \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5219\u6253\u5370\u5220\u9664\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    if ms:\n        print(m, "is removed")\n        print("ms =", ms, "\\n")\n    else:\n        print("All is removed.")<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3 \u7ba1\u7406\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n
3.3.1  sort() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u6c38\u4e45\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n
# \u65b9\u6cd5 sort() \u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\ncars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']\ncars.sort()\nprint(cars)\n\n# \u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u53cd\ncars.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(cars)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3.2 sorted \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u4e34\u65f6\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n
cars = ["bmw", "audi", "toyota", "subaru"]\nprint(sorted(cars))\nprint(sorted(cars, reverse=True))<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3.3 \u53cd\u5411\u6253\u5370\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
cars = ["bmw", "audi", "toyota", "subaru"]\ncars.reverse()\nprint(cars)<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3.3 \u786e\u5b9a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
# \u51fd\u6570 len()\nprint(len(cars))<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56db\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u5217\u8868<\/h3>\n
4.1 \u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n
4.1.1 \u7814\u7a76\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n
magicians = ["alice", "david", "carolina"]\nfor magician in magicians:\n    print(magician)<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.1.2 \u5728 for \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']\nfor magician in magicians:\n    print(magician+"\\n")\n    print(magician.title() + ", that is a great trick.")<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.1.3 \u5728 for \u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
# \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\nmagicians = ["alice", "david", "carolina"]\nfor magician in magicians:\n    print(f"{magician.title()}, that is a great trick.")\n    print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick, {magician.title()}.\\n")\n\nprint("Thank you, everyone. That was a geat magic show!")<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.2 \u907f\u514d\u7f29\u8fdb\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n
4.2.1 \u5fd8\u8bb0\u7f29\u8fdb
\n4.2.2 \u5fd8\u8bb0\u7f29\u8fdb\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u884c
\n4.2.3 \u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f29\u8fdb
\n4.2.4 \u5faa\u73af\u540e\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f29\u8fdb
\n4.2.5 \u9057\u6f0f\u5192\u53f7<\/p>\n
4.3 \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n
4.3.1 \u4f7f\u7528 range() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
# \u6570\u503c\u5217\u8868\nfor value in range(1, 5):\n    # 1 \u5230 4\n    print(value)<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.3.2 \u4f7f\u7528 range() \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u7ec4\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
numbers = list(range(1, 5))\nprint(numbers)\n\n# \u6307\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f 2\neven_numbers = list(range(2, 11, 2))\nfor i in even_numbers:\n    print(i)\nprint(even_numbers)\n\n# ** \u4e58\u65b9\nsquares = []\nfor value in range(1, 11):\n    squares.append(value**2)\nprint(squares)<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.3.3 \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5217\u8868\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n
digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]\nmin(digits) # print(min(digits))\nmax(digits) # print(max(digits))\nsum(digits) # print(sum(digits))<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.3.4 \u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/p>\n
squares = [value**2 for value in range(1, 11)]\nprint(squares)<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.4 \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/h4>\n
4.4.1 \u5207\u7247<\/p>\n
players = ["charles", "martina", "michael", "florence", "eli"]\nprint(players[0:3])\n\n# \u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\nprint(players[:3])\n\n# \u7ec8\u6b62\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\nprint(players[2:])\n\n# \u540e\u4e09\u4f4d\nprint(players[-3:]) <\/code><\/pre>\n
4.4.2 \u904d\u5386\u5207\u7247<\/p>\n
# \u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7d20\nplayers = ["charles", "martina", "michael", "florence", "eli"]\nprint("Here are the first three players on my team:")\nfor p in players[:3]:\n    print(p.title())<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.4.3 \u590d\u5236\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
my_foods = ["pizza", "falafel", "carrot cake"]\nfriend_foods = my_foods[:]\n\nprint("My favorite foods are:")\nprint(my_foods)\n\nprint("\\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")\nprint(friend_foods)\n\n# friend_foods = my_foods # \u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u5173\u8054\u201d\u800c\u975e\u590d\u5236\nmy_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']\nfriend_foods = my_foods\n\nmy_foods.append('cannoli')\nfriend_foods.append('ice cream')\n\n# \u53ef\u89c1\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e00\u6837\nprint("My favorite foods are:")\nprint(my_foods)\n\nprint("\\nMy friend's favorite foods are:") \nprint(friend_foods) <\/code><\/pre>\n
4.5 \u5143\u7ec4\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n
4.5.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u5143\u7ec4<\/p>\n
# \u5706\u62ec\u53f7\n# \u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u7531\u9017\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\ndimensions = (200, 50)\nprint(dimensions[0])\nprint(dimensions[1])\n\n# \u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# dimensions[0] = 250 # error<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.5.2 \u904d\u5386\u5143\u7ec4<\/p>\n
for dimension in dimensions:\n    print(dimension)<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.5.3 \u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7ec4<\/p>\n
# \u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u6574\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\ndimensions = (200, 50)\nprint("Original dimensions:")\nfor dimension in dimensions:\n   print(dimension) \n\ndimensions = (400, 100)\nprint("\\nModified dimensions:") \nfor dimension in dimensions:\n   print(dimension) <\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Python \u7f16\u7a0b \u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5 \u4e00\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883 1.1 \u521b\u5efa python \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883 # \u521b\u5efa python  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1704"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1707,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1704\/revisions\/1707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stu.chcmu.asia\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}